Componentes de la variabilidad, correlaciones fenotípicas, genotípicas y heredabilidades en trigo (Triticum aestivum L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59741/agraria.v4i1.405Resumen
Se estimaron los componentes de la variabilidad de 7 caracteres de planta y grano en 25 genotipos de trigo común, el grado de asociación entre éstas y sus heredabilidades en sentido amplio. El trabajo se realizó bajo riego en Buenavista y Emiliano Zapata, en Coahuila, y en Navidad, Nuevo León durante la primavera de 1986. Los resultados de los análisis de varianza indicaron que hubo diferencias altamente significativas entre genotipos para todas las características estudiadas, así como también entre localidades y entre éstas respecto a su interacción con los genotipos en prueba.
Los caracteres con varianza genética proporcionalmente mayor que la am-blental fueron: el peso hectolítrico (2.83/2.19), el peso de 1000 granos (11.32/6.14), la longitud de espiga (0.31/0.027).
El análisis de correlaciones indicó que no hubo asociación fenotípica ni ambiental estadísticarriente significativa. Se encontró asociación genotípica positiva del rendimiento de grano con: peso hectolítrico (0.799*), peso de 1 000 granos (0.535) y granos por espiga (0.423) y de espiguillas por espiga con longitud de espiga (0.790*) y granos por espiga (0.746). Se estableció también asociación genética negativa del rendimiento con espigas por metro cuadrado (-0.851) y con espiguillas por espiga (-0.688), así como del peso de 1 000 granos con espigas por metro cuadrado (-0.757), con espiguillas por espiga (- 0.605), con granos por espiga (-0.460) y con longitud de espiga (-0.410*). Las estimaciones de heredabilidad en sentido amplio, mostraron que los caracteres con más alto valor fueron: peso de 1 000 granos (50.88%), peso hectolítrico (48.79), y longitud de espiga (43.41%).
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