From DNA to defense: the potential of RNA interference (RNAi) for sustainable agriculture
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59741/eebkg663Keywords:
RNAi, SIGS, HIGS, biopesticides, sustainable agricultureAbstract
Modern agriculture faces critical challenges, as pests and diseases can cause crop losses of up to 40%, while intensive agrochemical use impacts environmental health and biodiversity. RNA interference (RNAi) is an innovative and sustainable alternative for crop protection by silencing or "turning off" specific genes in pathogens and pests. There are two main strategies: Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), which involves genetically modifying plants to internally produce RNA molecules that silence genes of invaders, and spray-induced gene silencing (SGIA), which consists of the application of exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) through spraying. This latter approach is particularly promising because it does not require the generation of genetically modified organisms, facilitating their acceptance and application in the field. Recent studies have shown that spray-dried dsRNA can precisely control viruses, fungi, and insects, and using formulations containing nanomaterials has improved the stability and effectiveness of dsRNA under real-world environmental conditions. Therefore, RNAi technology is emerging as a tool capable of reducing dependence on agrochemicals and promoting environmentally friendly production systems.
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