Polinización apícola del manzano en Coahuila

Abstract

Apiarian Pollination of the Apple tree in Coahuila. The main varieties of apple tree in the mountain range of Arteaga, Coah., shows auto-incompatibility and therefore, a poor fruit mooring. An alternative solution is the apiarian pollination, for that reason during 1996, in the center of an orchard located in the community Los Lirios, planted with the varieties Red and Golden Delicious, nine beehives were placed, and four trees per variety were selected, at distances of 2, 81 and 144 m from the apiary. Before the flowering, and in each treatment, 80 offshoots were covered with a net fabric with as flowers without bees, and 80 offshoots were labeled as flowers with bees, in the same tree. The force of the beehives was determined, and the percentage of mooring of fruit at 11 days of complete flowering calculated, analyzing it with a factorial design 2 x 2 x. In addition, 25 fruits per treatment were harvested, registering every loculus with seed and the number of seeds per fruit, for its relation with the pollination. Results indicated that the presence of bees during flowering favored the fruit mooring in 75 % for Golden Delicious and 76.5 % for Red Delicious. The data of the orchard under study were compared with those of an orchard of intensive handling with greater number of beehives per hectare and the provision of pollen in the entrance of the beehives.