Efecto de estiércol bovino combinado con fertilizante químico sobre la productividad de un suelo cultivado con maíz bajo riego

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of cattle manure combined with chemical fertilizer in a soil cultivated with corn under irrigation, an experiment was established during the spring-sum mer cycle 1996 in the community (ejidos) Encarnación de Guzmán, under an experimental design of randomized blocks with twelve treatments and six repetitions. The analyzed traits were chemical fertilizer (N and P as an only factor) and cattle manure; the sources were urea, sulfate of ammonia, triple super phosphate and simple super phosphate, and levels of: 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha^-1 of cattle manure were applied, while the N and P doses were 60, 120 and 180, and 0, 26.66, 53.33 arid 80 kg ha^-1respectively. 

For the soil were accomplished three samplings, and for the plants were recorded the days to masculine and femenine flowering, plant and ear height, and dry matter yield. The treatments with greater dry matter yield were: 60 kg ha^-1de N, 26.66 kg ha^-1 de P2O5 and 10 t ha-1 of manure, with 15.95 t ha-1. The optimum economic dose of unlimited capital was of 60.83 kg ha^-1de N (urea), 27.02 kg ha^-1de P2O5 (triple super phosphate) and 9.40 t ha^-1 of manure with a dry matter yield of 15.94 t ha^-1. The soil characteristics: organic matter, cationic exchange capacity, pH, apparent density, available N, available K and P, experienced certain modifications, above all with the treatments including manure alone, and in combination with the chemical fertilizer. It was found that it is feasible the application of a combination of chemical and organic fertilizers to obtain economically affordable yields.