Epidemiología del cornezuelo del sorgo (Claviceps africana, Frederickson, Mantle & de Millano) en dos localidades de México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59741/agraria.v4i1-2-3.354Keywords:
Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench, Cerebella andropogonis Cesti, host rank, Claviceps speciesAbstract
One of the main plant health problems present in the culture of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), namely in the production of seed, is caused by the ergot fungus, a world-wide disease. The objectives of this research were: a) to determine the incidence and severity of ergot in commercial varieties of sorghum in two localities of Michoacán and Guanajuato states in Mexico, b) to identify the grass associated to S. sorghi and other species of Claviceps in both localities, and c) to identify the fungi that colonized species of Claviceps. The work was carried out in August 2004 in parcels of sorghum in Tepuza abd in Numarán, Mich. and in Trojes de Paul in Pénjamo, Gto. Mexico. The incidence and severity of C. Africana was determined for the varieties evaluated in Michoacán, and went from 0 to 29.6% and the severity from 0 to 83%; in Guanajuato there was no incidence in the evaluated varieties. Four species of Claviceps, associated to grass, were found in six hosts. The grasses susceptible to C. Africana were Sorghum halepense (L) Pers., and possibly Setaria adaherans. The following species of Claviceps, associated to other grasses, were also found: C. cynodontis in Cynodon dactylon, C. paspali in Paspalum sp. and C. fusiformis in Pennistum ciliare. In addition, Cerebella andropogonis Cesati was found as a hyperparasite of the Claviceps species present in Sorghum bicolor, Cynodon dactylon and Paspalum sp.
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