Análisis línea x probador: estrategia para selección de progenitores de alto rendimiento en chile jalapeño (Capsicum annuum L.)

Abstract

Mexico’s international trade agreements have caused important changes in the tendencies of the agricultural markets, and in cultures like that of jalapeno pepper its effect is on the quality standards of the fruit, tendencies that at its time have exhibited a backlog in the generation in the generation of competitive genotypes, both in productivity and quality, fact that constitutes the main problem to solve in the melioration of pepper. The objectives of this assay were: a) to determine the type of genic action of the yield in a group of parents of jalapeno pepper, to define and to make more efficient the profiting of these advantages in the melioration, and b) to detect the best lines and testers on an ACG basis, as well as the best crosses on the basis of ACE and heterosis for the formation of varieties of free pollination or jalapeno pepper hybrids. The 40 lines were crossed by hand with 3 testers, obtaining 120 mixed ones. The evaluation was carried out during the spring-summer agricultural cycle 2004 and 2005 at the CEDEL experimental station in Delicias, Chih., Mexico , and the CESTAM in Tampico, Tamps., Mexico. The experimental parcel consisted of a row of plants of 3 ms of length, at a distance of 30 cm among plants, distributed in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The genetic effects were estimated using the line x tester design. The obtained results indicate that the yield of jalapeno pepper is mainly influenced by the additive effects of the genes. A differential behavior was observed between the lines, the testers and the mixed ones with respect to test environments, having observed a better behavior in the temperate one of Delicias, than in the tropical one of Tampico, since the shown heterosis was higher by 76%. The best mixed ones for Delicias are 4x3, 10x3, 30x3, and 33x3; and for Tampico 27x3, 28x3, 33x1, and 38x1.