Useful heterosis for several agronomic characteristics in sunflower
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59741/agraria.v11i1-2.100Keywords:
Helianthus annuus L., hybrids, yield, oil and protein content, variabilityAbstract
In this study five fameles with male sterility (cms HA 124, 234, 301, 302 and 303) and five males with restauration genes for fertility (RHA 273, 274, 296, 297 and 299) were selected and crossed by hand to produce 25 hybrids combinations. These 25 hybrids and five controls (two varieties: Cernianka and Rib 77, and three commercial hybrids: HIS894, 879 and 7775) genotypes were evaluated under irrigated conditions with an object of studying useful heterosis for several agronomic characters in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The analysis of variance showed differences (P<.05) for yield, percent oil, head diameter, plant height, protein percent, days to flower and maturity. The mean yield varied from 2014 to 3046 kg ha1. The variety Cernianka (2200 kg ha1) and hybrid HIS 7775 (3046 kg ha) produced the highest yields among controls. Variability for oil (38 a 39%) and protein (25 to 26%) was low meanwhile wide differences were found for head diameter, days to fower and seed maturity. Useful heterosis for yield was observed in 18 hybrids with a range of 14 to 22.7% in comparison with Cernianka, meanwhile only 7 hybrids expressed it negatively. Maximium useful heterosis was registered by the hybrid 13 with 22.7% for yield followed by the hybrids 24(15.6%), 6(14.6%), 17(14.6%), 25(17.7%) and 27(12.6%). It is recommended to include always a commercial hybrid and a commercial variety as controls whenever studying useful heterosis.
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