Estimación de componentes de varianza genética y heredabilidad en una población de maíz amarillo tropical

Abstract

In order to assay the technical breeding potential of a population, there exist diverse mating designs that allow estimating the effects and genetic variances. The objectives of this work were: a) to consider the proportion of additive genetic variance and dominance, and the heritability of a yellow maize population; and b) to suggest a procedure for effective genetic melioration, that allows to improve the present characteristics of quantitative inheritance in such population. 300 families of full siblings (FHC), developed under North Carolina design I were evaluated in Úrsulo Galván, Ver., México, under an experimental design of incomplete blocks with an alpha lattice adjustment (0.1), with two replications. The effects and genetic variances were estimated by the VARCOMP procedure (Method=type1) and IML of the SAS program. The results indicate that the population showed a genetic structure with few differences among and within variables. The greater proportion of the genetic variance was due to the additive effects, in ear height = 44,68, and yield = 0.13. Variance was equal to zero for all the variables. Yield for h2was 17%. The biplot showed that genotypes expressed differences for plant height and ear, by the magnitude of their vectors, whereas genotypes were statistically equal in yield. Parents deriving from a population of a wide genetic variability can be selected and crossbred in the form of dented x crystalline, which allows to find a good heterotic behavior, and to choose a better scheme of inter-population melioration.